2024/10/05 - Phonology Soup IV

I have further elaborated on the sound changes, developing the first attempt at what I will consider to be the modern language. The sound changes may be further refined in time, depending on how I want to devleop the language's phonology.

Initial Phonology

Consonants: /m n ɲ ŋ p t c k l j w/
Vowels: /a e o i u/
Syllable Structure: (C)V(C)
Stress: presumably penultimate

SCA² Sound Changes from Proto-Language to Modern Language

C=ʔpt13ckbd24ɟgmnɲŋsɕzʑhlʎjw
S=mnɲŋlʎjw
O=ʔpt13ckb24dɟgszɕʑh
N=mnɲŋ
B=bdɟgzʑ24
P=ptcksɕ13
V=aeiou
T=ᴴᴸᴹ

#Syllabification
/./C_C
/./V_CV
#Sound Changes
[jw]/ǃ/C._
.//C_ǃ
Cǃ/CC/_
/./C_C
c/s/_
/ᴴ/VP_[.#]
/ᴸ/V_[.#]
/ᴸ/VC_[.#]
/./_
V/Ṽ/_(T)(.)N
N/B/_V/_Ṽ
Ṽ/V/_
C//_T.
C//_T#
-*
#Stage I (Codaless, Tones)
[iu]//V…_T#
e/i/_T#
o/u/_T#
B/N/_T#
.//T_(C)T
CT/\\/_#
TC/\\/_
TC/\\/_
-*
#Stage II (Pseudo-PTNG, Final Codas, Tones)
ɟ/4/_
ɲ/n/_
ᴸ/ᴹ/_
ᴹ/ᴸ/ᴴ_
ᴹ/ᴸ/ᴴ.(C)V(C)_
ᴹ/ᴸ/ᴸ_
ᴹ/ᴸ/ᴸ.(C)V(C)_
ᴹ/ᴴ/ᴹ.(C)V_#
ᴹ/ᴴ/ᴹ_#
ᴹ/ᴸ/_#
ᴹ/ᴸ/_
ᴸ/ᴴ/.CV_…ᴴ
ᴴ/ᴸ/#(C)V_…ᴴ
ᴸ//ᴸ_
ᴴ//ᴴ_
t/1/_u
t/3/_i
k/c/_i
d/2/_u
d/4/_i
g/ɟ/_i
s/ɕ/_i
[nŋ]/ɲ/_i
l/ʎ/_i
s/a/a_
s/e/e_
s/o/o_
s/i/i_
s/u/u_
l/w/_T(T)[.#]
j/e/[aeo]_T(T)[.#]
w/o/[aeo]_T(T)[.#]
j/i/[iu]_T(T)[.#]
w/u/[iu]_T(T)[.#]
[aeo]/e/_e
[aeo]/o/_o
[iu]/i/_i
[iu]/u/_u
-*
#Stage III (Codas, Vowel Length, Full Pitch Accent)
ʎ/j/_
ᴴ/ᴸ/_(ᴴ)(C).(C)Vᴴ
i//Vᴸ.j_ᴸ
u//Vᴸ.w_ᴸ
[iu]//Vᴸ.P_ᴸ.P
[iu]//VT.P_ᴸ#
.//T_CT
TC/\\/_
j/e/[aeo]_T(T)[.#]
w/o/[aeo]_T(T)[.#]
j/i/[iu]_T(T)[.#]
w/u/[iu]_T(T)[.#]
ᴸ//ᴸ_
ᴴ//ᴴ_
-*
#Transliteration
.//_
CT/\\/_
CT/\\/_
VT/\\/V_
/ᴸ/V_/_T
1/t͡s/_
3/t͡ɕ/_
2/d͡z/_
4/d͡ʑ/_
b/ᵐb/_/#_
d/ⁿd/_/#_
ɟ/ᶮɟ/_/#_
g/ᵑg/_/#_
ᴸᴴ/̌/_
ᴴᴸ/̂/_
ᴴ/́/_
ᴸ/̀/_

Modern Phonology

Onset Consonants: /m n ɲ ŋ p t t͡s t͡ɕ c k ᵐb ⁿd ⁿd͡z ⁿd͡ʑ ᶮɟ ᵑg s ɕ l j w/
Medial Coda Consonants: /p t t͡s t͡ɕ c k s ɕ ː/
Final Coda Consonants: /m n ŋ p t k ː/
Vowels: /a e o i u/
Syllable Structure: (C)V (initial), CV(C) (medial), CV(C) (final), (C)V(C) (monosyllabic)
Tone: fall-dominant pitch accent where that syllable is high, and all other syllables are low, though the pitch rises before the drop; in accentless words, the pitch rises over the word.

Interesting of note about the resulting phonology:

• Pre-nasalised stops and nasals merge in coda position.
• /e o/ do not occur in final syllables, unless long.
• Onset nasals cannot occur in the syllable preceding a pitch drop.
• Only voiceless obstruents may form medial clusters.
• Non-palatal nasals and stops are the only permitted final coda consonants.
• /aː/ only occurs finally.
• The pitch accent is simple, only allowing a single high tone syllable, before which there is a pitch drop. Accentless words act like words with a final high tone, except that final high tone moves to the right-edge when any suffixes are added.

The good old random word list gives the following results:

*puju → pìí
*wikaɲuwo → wìkàⁿd͡ʑùwù
*luku → lǔk
*jiwi → jùú
*ɲumjiwma → nùᵐbìᵐbá
*kutetpu → kùtêp
*kunjecwipuŋ → kùⁿdéɕìp
*jokjanŋici → jòkáᶮɟìì
*polmi → pǒm
*wukluku → wúlùk
*ticapka → t͡ɕìsákà

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