July 2026 Conlang
Introduction
I started this conlang project on the 10th of July 2026. This conlang takes heavy inspiration from Northwest and Northeast Caucasian languages in terms of its phonology. At the time of writing, the grammatical system is mostly undecided.
Phonology
Consonant Inventory
|
labial |
alveolar |
post-alveolar |
palatal |
velar |
labiovelar |
glottal |
| nasals |
m /m/ |
n /n/ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| stops |
p' /pʰ/ |
t' /tʰ/ |
|
|
k' /kʰ/ |
k̹' /kʷʰ/ |
|
| p /p/ |
t /t/ |
|
|
k /k/ |
k̹ /kʷ/ |
- /ʔ/ |
| b /b/ |
d /d/ |
|
|
g /g/ |
g̹̹ /gʷ/ |
|
| affricates |
|
c' /t͡sʰ/ |
č' /t͡ʃʰ/ |
ć' /t͡ɕʰ/ |
|
|
|
|
c /t͡s/ |
č /t͡ʃ/ |
ć' /t͡ɕʰ/ |
|
|
|
| fricatives |
|
s /s/ |
š /ʃ/ |
ś /ɕ/ |
x /x/ |
x̹ /xʷ/ |
|
|
z /z/ |
ž /ʒ/ |
ź /ʑ/ |
ɣ /ɣ/ |
ɣ̹ /ɣʷ/ |
| liquids |
|
r /ɾ/ |
|
y /j/ |
- /ɰ/ |
w /w/ |
|
Vowel Inventory
|
front |
central |
back |
| close |
i į /i ĩ/ |
|
u ų /u ũ/ |
| open |
|
a ą /a ã/ |
|
Phonotactics
The language has relatively restricted phonotactics, lacking any surface level codas or clusters. Additionally, no liquid consonants, nor aspriated or voiced obstruents may occur word initially. Liquid consonants except /ɾ/ may only occur in the onsets of even-numbered syllables, counting from the left-edge of the word. Furthermore, in terms of onset-vowel combinations, post-alveolar affricates and labialised velars may be followed by a low vowel. Nasal vowels may not be followed by approximants, nor non-tenuis obstruents.
C¹V(C²V(C³VC²V)ⁿ(C³V))
| C¹ | C² | C³ | V |
|---|
| /m n p t t͡s t͡ʃ t͡ɕ k kʷ s ʃ ɕ x xʷ ʔ/ |
/m n p t t͡s t͡ʃ t͡ɕ k kʷ pʰ tʰ t͡sʰ t͡ʃʰ t͡ɕʰ kʰ kʷʰ b d g gʷ s ʃ ɕ x xʷ z ʒ ʑ ɣ ɣʷ ɾ j ɰ w/ |
/m n p t t͡s t͡ʃ t͡ɕ k kʷ pʰ tʰ t͡sʰ t͡ɕʰ kʰ kʷʰ b d g gʷ s ʃ ɕ x xʷ z ʒ ʑ ɣ ɣʷ ɾ/ |
/a ã i ĩ u ũ/ |
Prosody
The language has a predictable pattern of stress. Every word is divided into bisyllabic feet, and the minimal phonological word is a bisyllable. Non-bisyllabic roots may exist, but they are always realised with some morphology to ensure this minimality constraint is met. This pattern leads each set of bisyllables to be stressed in a trochaic pattern. A final, odd-numbered syllable is left unfooted. The last stressed foot has primary stress, and all preceding feet have secondary stress.
Grammar
Conjugations
| Past | Present | Future/Irrealis | Stative |
|---|
| 1SG.A |
la̠ma-kū |
la̠ma-kī |
la̠ma-kī |
la̠ma-kiru |
| 1SG.B |
cəro̠-kkwə |
cəro̠-kkə |
cəro̠-kki |
cəro̠-kru |
| 1SG.C |
xawi̠-kkō |
xawi̠-kkē |
xawi̠-kkəyi |
xawi̠-kkəru |
| 1PL.A |
la̠ma-nū |
la̠ma-nī |
la̠ma-nuyi |
la̠ma-nuru |
| 1PL.B |
cəro̠-ŋŋwə |
cəro̠-nnə |
cəro̠-nni |
cəro̠-nru |
| 1PL.C |
xawi̠-nnō |
xawi̠-nnē |
xawi̠-nnəyi |
xawi̠-nnəru |
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